What Animal Is Digging Holes in My Pennsylvania Yard? (Identification Guide)

Identifying Yard-Digging Wildlife in Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania's diverse landscape—from the Appalachian Mountains to the Piedmont region and Lake Erie shoreline—hosts a wide variety of burrowing and digging wildlife. Homeowners across the Keystone State frequently encounter mysterious holes in their lawns, gardens, and foundations. Identifying the culprit is the first step toward effective management. The key lies in observing hole size, shape, depth, location, and whether a dirt mound is present. Pennsylvania's status as home to Punxsutawney Phil also makes woodchuck identification particularly relevant for residents.

Key Identification Tip: The single most important clue is whether the hole has a dirt mound. Mound-building animals like moles and woodchucks push soil to the surface, creating volcano-shaped or fan-shaped piles. Animals that do not leave mounds—such as skunks and raccoons—typically peel back sod or dig shallow cone-shaped depressions while searching for insect grubs. Measuring the hole diameter and noting the time of day (nocturnal vs. diurnal activity) further narrows the possibilities.

Pennsylvania Yard-Digging Animal Identification Table

Animal	Hole Size & Shape	Depth	Damage Pattern	Pennsylvania Range
Woodchuck (Groundhog)	10–12 inches wide, oval or half-moon shape with large dirt mound	3–5 feet deep	Large burrow entrances near fences, sheds, or garden edges; chewed vegetation	Statewide, including Punxsutawney
Eastern Mole	2–3 inches wide, volcano-shaped mound (pushed-up soil)	6–12 inches (tunnels just below surface)	Raised surface tunnels (ridges) across lawn; volcano-shaped mounds in clusters	Statewide except higher elevations
Striped Skunk	3–4 inches wide, cone-shaped, shallow	1–3 inches	Small cone-shaped holes in lawn; sod peeled back like a rolled carpet; nocturnal	Statewide
Raccoon	3–5 inches wide, irregular, shallow	1–3 inches	Patches of torn-up sod, often in moist areas; gardens raided for corn and fruit	Statewide, especially suburban areas
Virginia Opossum	2–4 inches wide, shallow, irregular	1–2 inches	Similar to skunk damage but less extensive; scattered shallow depressions	Statewide, expanding northward
North American Porcupine	4–6 inches wide, irregular, with gnawed vegetation nearby	2–4 inches	Digging around tree roots and woody plants; gnawed bark on trees; quills found nearby	Northern PA, especially Poconos and forested areas
Eastern Chipmunk	1.5–2 inches wide, neat round hole, no mound	12–24 inches deep	Small holes near foundations, rock walls, and garden beds; often hidden under vegetation	Statewide

Woodchuck (Groundhog) — The Keystone Burrower

Pennsylvania's most famous digger is the woodchuck (Marmota monax), celebrated each February 2nd in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, when Punxsutawney Phil predicts the weather. Woodchucks are large, stout rodents weighing 5–10 pounds, with grizzled brown fur and a short, bushy tail. They are diurnal (active during the day) and most visible in early morning and late afternoon.

Woodchuck burrows are unmistakable: the main entrance is 10–12 inches wide with a large fan-shaped dirt mound. The tunnel system extends 3–5 feet deep and can be 20–40 feet long, with multiple chambers for sleeping, rearing young, and hibernation. Woodchucks typically have a secondary entrance (a "pop hole") that is harder to see and lacks a mound. Burrows are often located near fence lines, stone walls, sheds, and garden edges where vegetation provides cover.

In Pennsylvania, woodchucks cause significant damage to vegetable gardens, soybean fields, and alfalfa crops. Their burrows also pose a tripping hazard for livestock and can undermine building foundations. Woodchucks hibernate from October through February, emerging in late winter or early spring—a behavior that makes Groundhog Day possible. The Pennsylvania Game Commission classifies woodchucks as furbearers but allows them to be taken on private property when causing damage, without a hunting license, as long as the season is open.

Eastern Mole — Subsurface Tunnel Engineer

The eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus) is Pennsylvania's most common mole species and a frequent source of lawn frustration. Despite the name aquaticus, this mole is well-adapted to the well-drained soils of Pennsylvania lawns, gardens, and meadows. Eastern moles have broad, paddle-like front feet with powerful claws, tiny eyes hidden beneath fur, and no external ears—adaptations for a life spent almost entirely underground.

Mole damage in Pennsylvania lawns appears as raised surface tunnels (ridges) that crisscross the yard, plus volcano-shaped mounds of pushed-up soil. These mounds are typically 2–3 inches in diameter and can appear suddenly overnight. Moles create two types of tunnels: shallow feeding tunnels just beneath the surface (visible as raised ridges) and deeper permanent tunnels used for nesting and travel. The feeding tunnels are where moles hunt for earthworms, white grubs, and beetle larvae.

Contrary to popular belief, moles do not eat plant roots or garden vegetation—they are insectivores. However, their tunneling activity can uproot grass, dry out root systems, and create an unsightly lawn. Moles are active year-round, though they tunnel deeper in winter to stay below the frost line. Penn State Extension recommends addressing grub populations to reduce mole activity, as grubs are a primary food source. In Pennsylvania, moles are classified as nongame wildlife and can be trapped without a permit during the legal trapping season.

Striped Skunk and Raccoon — Nocturnal Lawn Diggers

Striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) are the two most common nocturnal diggers in Pennsylvania yards. Both species dig shallow, cone-shaped holes 1–3 inches deep while searching for white grubs and other insect larvae in the soil. The damage is often mistaken for mole activity, but the key difference is that skunks and raccoons leave no mounds—instead, they peel back sod or leave small divots in the lawn.

Skunk damage is typically more precise: small, cone-shaped holes about the size of a golf ball, often in a scattered pattern across the lawn. Skunks have a strong musky odor that may be detectable near the digging sites. They are also known to dig under porches, decks, and sheds to create den sites. Raccoon damage, by contrast, is usually more extensive—patches of torn-up sod, rolled-back turf, and disturbed garden soil. Raccoons are highly intelligent and can open garbage cans, raid compost bins, and damage sweet corn and fruit crops in gardens.

Both species are common throughout Pennsylvania, from Philadelphia suburbs to rural farmlands. They are active from dusk to dawn and are most likely to dig in lawns with high grub populations. Raccoons are also known carriers of rabies and raccoon roundworm, so caution is advised when cleaning up after them. The Pennsylvania Game Commission regulates the trapping and removal of both species.

North American Porcupine — Northern Pennsylvania's Unique Digger

The North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) is less common in Pennsylvania but is a notable yard-digging animal in the northern tier of the state, particularly in the Poconos and forested regions of the Appalachian Plateau. Porcupines are large, slow-moving rodents covered in 30,000 or more quills used for defense. They weigh 10–30 pounds and are primarily nocturnal.

Porcupines dig shallow holes around tree roots, stumps, and woody plants while searching for roots, tubers, and other plant material. They are also avid climbers and can cause significant damage to trees by gnawing bark, which can girdle and kill the tree. In yards, porcupine damage is often identified by the combination of digging at the base of trees and gnawed bark on trunks and lower branches. Homeowners may also find shed quills in the yard, which are a clear sign of porcupine activity.

In Pennsylvania, porcupines are classified as furbearers and are protected by a hunting season regulated by the Pennsylvania Game Commission. A hunting license is required to take a porcupine, and the season typically runs from fall through early winter. Porcupines are not generally aggressive but will defend themselves if threatened, making them a hazard for pets that investigate them.

Seasonal Digging Patterns in Pennsylvania

Season	Primary Diggers	Activity Level	What to Expect
Spring (Mar–May)	Woodchucks, moles, skunks	High	Woodchucks emerge from hibernation; moles create surface tunnels in thawed soil; skunks dig for grubs in warming lawns
Summer (Jun–Aug)	Raccoons, skunks, woodchucks	Moderate–High	Raccoons raid gardens for corn and fruit; woodchucks feed on garden vegetables; skunks continue grub hunting
Fall (Sep–Nov)	Woodchucks, moles, porcupines	Moderate	Woodchucks fatten up for hibernation; moles tunnel deeper as soil cools; porcupines active in northern PA
Winter (Dec–Feb)	Moles	Low	Moles remain active below frost line; other species hibernate or are less active

How to Get Rid of Animals Digging in Your Pennsylvania Yard

1. Reduce Grub Populations

Grubs are a primary food source for skunks, raccoons, and moles. Apply beneficial nematodes or milky spore (Bacillus popilliae) to your lawn in late summer to reduce grub populations naturally. These biological controls target Japanese beetle grubs and other white grubs without harming beneficial insects. For severe infestations, chemical grub control products containing imidacloprid or halofenozide can be applied in early summer when grubs are young and feeding near the surface. Always follow label instructions and consider consulting Penn State Extension for region-specific recommendations.

2. Exclusion Fencing

Install 1/4-inch galvanized hardware cloth buried 12–18 inches deep around garden beds, sheds, and deck perimeters to prevent digging animals from entering. For woodchucks, the fence should extend at least 3 feet above ground with an outward-facing 45-degree angle at the top to prevent climbing. For raccoons, consider adding an electric wire 4–6 inches above the ground. Secure all gates with locking mechanisms, as raccoons can manipulate simple latches. Burying fence material 6–12 inches deep with an outward L-shaped footer prevents animals from digging under.

3. Live Trapping

Live trapping can be effective for woodchucks, raccoons, and skunks in Pennsylvania, but it requires patience and proper technique. Use cage traps sized appropriately: 10×12×36 inches for woodchucks and raccoons, and smaller traps for skunks. Place traps near burrow entrances or along travel routes. Pennsylvania regulations require that trapped animals be released or euthanized humanely—transporting and releasing live wildlife on another property without a permit is illegal in Pennsylvania. Skunks present a special challenge due to their spray; consider using a trap cover to reduce stress on the animal.

4. Habitat Modification

Remove brush piles, rock piles, and tall grass that provide cover for digging animals. Seal crawl spaces and foundation gaps with heavy-gauge hardware cloth or concrete patch. Keep garbage cans tightly sealed and store pet food indoors. Trim tree branches that provide roof access for raccoons. For woodchucks, maintaining a mowed buffer zone of at least 20 feet around garden areas reduces cover and discourages burrowing. Fallen fruit should be promptly removed to avoid attracting raccoons and opossums.

5. Professional Wildlife Removal

When DIY methods fail or when dealing with large, aggressive, or potentially rabid animals, professional wildlife removal services are recommended. Licensed wildlife control operators in Pennsylvania are trained in humane removal techniques, exclusion methods, and proper cleanup of animal waste. Professional removal typically costs between $200 and $750, depending on the species, the extent of the infestation, and the complexity of exclusion work. For persistent problems, a professional can conduct a thorough inspection and develop a comprehensive management plan that includes removal, exclusion, and prevention. Searching for pennsylvania wildlife removal or wildlife removal near me will connect you with licensed professionals in your area.

Pennsylvania-Specific Regulations

The Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC) regulates the management and control of wildlife in the state. Woodchucks (groundhogs) are classified as furbearers, and they may be taken on private property without a hunting license when causing damage, provided the season is open. During the closed season, a special permit is required from the PGC. Porcupines are also classified as furbearers and require a hunting license during the designated season, which typically runs from fall through early winter.

💡 Looking for professional help? Compare quotes for Fences and get free estimates from local pros.

Moles in Pennsylvania are classified as nongame wildlife and may be trapped without a permit during the legal trapping season. However, homeowners should check with the Pennsylvania Game Commission for the most current regulations, as trapping seasons and methods can change. Skunks and raccoons are classified as furbearers and may be trapped during the established season. A special permit is required for nuisance wildlife removal outside of the trapping season.

It is important to note that relocating trapped wildlife to a new location without a permit is illegal in Pennsylvania. The PGC recommends contacting a licensed wildlife control operator for removal and disposal of nuisance animals. Homeowners should also be aware that Pennsylvania has specific regulations regarding the use of lethal traps and poisons—using unapproved methods can result in fines and penalties.

FAQ: Pennsylvania Yard Digging

What is digging small holes in my Pennsylvania lawn?

Small holes (1–3 inches wide) without mounds are typically caused by skunks or raccoons digging for grubs. If the holes are perfectly round and about 1.5 inches wide, they may be chipmunk burrows. If the holes have small dirt mounds (volcano-shaped), they are likely from eastern moles.

How do I tell if a woodchuck or a mole is causing the damage?

Woodchucks create large burrow entrances (10–12 inches) with large dirt mounds, while moles create 2–3 inch volcano-shaped mounds and raised surface tunnels. Woodchuck damage is concentrated around garden edges, fences, and foundations; mole damage appears as long ridges across the lawn. Woodchucks are active during the day, while moles are active both day and night.

Are groundhogs and woodchucks the same animal?

Yes, groundhog and woodchuck are two names for the same species (Marmota monax). They are also sometimes called whistle pigs. Pennsylvania is famous for Punxsutawney Phil, the most famous woodchuck in the United States, who predicts the weather each Groundhog Day.

Can I fill in a woodchuck burrow?

You can fill in a woodchuck burrow, but only after ensuring the animal is no longer inside. If the burrow is still occupied, the woodchuck will simply dig it out again. The best approach is to trap and remove the woodchuck first, then fill the burrow with gravel or soil packed tightly, and finally install exclusion fencing to prevent re-entry.

What scent repels digging animals in Pennsylvania?

Several natural repellents may deter digging animals. Castor oil-based repellents are effective against moles. Predator urine (coyote or fox) can deter woodchucks, skunks, and raccoons but must be reapplied after rain. Garlic and pepper sprays may provide temporary relief. However, repellents are generally less effective than exclusion and habitat modification for long-term control.

What is digging holes in my yard at night in Pennsylvania?

Nocturnal digging in Pennsylvania yards is most commonly caused by skunks and raccoons searching for grubs and insects. Skunks leave small, cone-shaped holes 1–3 inches deep, while raccoons create larger, irregular patches of torn-up sod. Virginia opossums may also dig at night, though their damage is typically less extensive. These animals are active from dusk to dawn and are most likely to dig in lawns with high grub populations. If you hear digging at night but see no holes in the morning, the animal may be digging under a structure such as a deck or shed.

Sources: Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC), Penn State Extension, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services, and the Pennsylvania State University College of Agricultural Sciences. This guide is for informational purposes and does not constitute legal advice. Always consult current state regulations before implementing wildlife control measures.